Taxonomy (Printer Friendly Version)

Gi2MO Types Taxonomy Specification

Gi2MO Types Taxonomy Specification

V0.2 - July 2011

This version:	http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/0.2/ns (RDF/XML, HTML)
Latest version:	http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns
Editors:	Adam Westerski
Authors:	Adam Westerski
Contributors:	See acknowledgements

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. This copyright applies to the Gi2MO Types Taxonomy Specification and accompanying documentation in RDF. This taxonomy uses W3C's RDF technology, an open Web standard that can be freely used by anyone.

Abstract

Gi2MO Types is a taxonomy designed to be used for annotation of ideas in Idea Management Systems. The following document contains the description of taxonomy and instructions how to connect it with other metadata of Idea Management Systems and their other resources.

Introduction
Gi2MO Types taxonomy at a glance
Summary sheet of Gi2MO Types terms
1. Example
Cross-reference for linking Gi2MO Types terms with web metadata

1 Introduction

The following specification is a formal description of taxonomy proposal that can be applied to annotate ideas stored in Idea Management Systems. The goal of the following section is to provide the basic knowledge to comprehend the technical part of the specification. As such it shall introduce the topic of Idea Management Systems and areas related to the Gi2MO project - Semantic Web and publication of open data on the web.

An important note is that Gi2MO Types taxonomy presented here is not a complete model to address the problem of describing and linking ideas inside and between distributed Idea Management Systems. It marly defines concepts that are not described yet by the means of other taxonomies or standards and provides the data attributes that create the basis for establishing clustering and classification facilities for Idea Management Systems. For detailed instructions and recommendations how to use the taxonomy to achieve the aforementioned goals please refer to the guidelines of the Gi2MO project.

1.1 Idea Management Systems

Idea Management Systems, in a great simplification, can be considered as an evolution of suggestions boxes used for collecting input from customers. The said systems have went above and beyond mere collection of ideas and aspire to be tools for idea assessment, analysis and sometimes even deployment of innovation. Idea Management Systems take advantage of computer networks and web technologies to reach a large number of customers or enterprise employees at the same time, gather their ideas and invite to collaboration for improving those ideas.

The use of IT infrastructure enables to collect big amounts of ideas in a fairly small amount of time but also brings the problem how to respond to the ideas from the community in a timely manner and how to continuously stimulate this crowd to keep supplying new ideas. Furthermore, in systems running over large periods of time the amount of ideas counted in tens of thousands becomes almost impossible to browse and manage either by moderators or users. All the said problems lower the efficiency of the systems or even put their usage into question. Gi2MO Types taxonomy is one of the building blocks for improving data organisation in Idea Management Systems and thus finding a solution to the aforementioned problems.

In relation to other IT systems used in modern organisations, at the time of writing this specification the Idea Management Systems have not been yet introduced as a standard component as part of the most popular ERP, PLM/PLCM or CRM suites. Idea Management, in relation to those systems, is still being considered as a rising market and a complementary solution that can be supplied depending on organisation's interest in investment in innovation.

In relation to other processes run in the modern enterprises, Idea Management can be defined as part of Innovation Management Process run as part of innovation strategy in many contemporary enterprises. Idea Management is perceived as complementary solution to this process that delivers tools that can enhance the successfulness of the innovation management process and open it to new possibilities.

1.2 The Semantic Web

The Semantic Web is a W3C initiative that aims to introduce rich metadata to the current Web and provide machine readable and processable data as a supplement to human-readable Web.

Semantic Web is a mature domain that has been in research phase for many years and with the increasing amount of commercial interest and emerging products is starting to gain appreciation and popularity as one of the rising trends for the future Internet.

One of the corner stones of the Semantic Web is research on inter-linkable and interoperable data schemas for information published online. Those schemas are often referred to as ontologies or vocabularies. In order to facilitate the concept of ontologies that lead to a truly interoperable Web of Data, W3C has proposed a series of technologies such as RDF and OWL. Gi2MO Types uses those technologies and the research that comes within to publish the characteristics of ideas together with other metadata and enable the easy portability and integration of this information across different Idea Management Systems.

1.3 What is Gi2MO Types for?

The goals of the Gi2MO Types taxonomy to achieve as a knowledge modelling framework are:

enable characterisation of ideas beyond the regular tools available in contemporary Idea Management Systems
aid idea assessment by providing summarised idea information
provide a corner store to build classification and clustering facilities based on the annotated data corpus
facilitate idea ranking and similarity detection based on comparison of ideas and their annotations

For more information please refer to Gi2MO Types usage study done as part of the research in the Gi2MO project.

2. Gi2MO Types taxonomy at a glance

The Gi2MO Types diagram presented below shows the hierarchy of terms organised following the main assumption of the taxonomy that:

Every idea that was proposed has been triggered by a particular experience and describes a certain innovation put in context of application in a given object.

Diagram for the Gi2MO Types Taxonomy (high resolution version: PNG)

3. Summary sheet of Gi2MO Types terms

Level	Term Name	Description	Example
1	TRIGGER	What has caused creation of the idea / what is the inspiration	-
2	Observation Type	Type of Trigger. Defines what was the observation of the inventor due to the event that he experienced.	-
3	Faulty Experience	A problem/ failure of a product that caused a the creative process.	-
4	Potential Cause	If a cause of the problem was identified.	-
3	Lack of Feature	The innovation was triggered by the fact that object lacked some kind of feature.	-
3	Potential Opportunity	The ideas was triggered by a person that was not displeased with the way it worked by has foreseen that an addition to the product could improve it.	-
2	Creativity Origin	Points to what kind of event triggered the innovation.	-
3	Event	The innovation was not triggered by direct innovation with some object but by some event.	-
4	Idea Contest	Idea was specifically triggered by idea contests and incentives that come with	-
4	Object Release	Premiere of a new object to the market or audience.	-
5	New Object	Premiere of a fully new object.	-
5	Object Update	Premiere of a new refreshed version of an already existing object.	-
4	Promotional Event	Event related to the object of innovation.	-
4	Related Event	Undefined event related in some way to the object.	-
4	Object Purchase	Idea was created as a result of purchasing the object by the client.	-
4	Object Observation	Idea triggered by plain object observation or interacting with object related information without any particular intent.	-
4	Object Comparison	Idea created during comparison with some other object.	-
3	Object Interaction	A person interacting with the object and discovering some new need or problem.	-
2	Associated Object	Object connected to the trigger of innovation.	-
3	Object of Innovation	Innovation was triggered by interaction with the same object that is the topic of idea.	-
3	Other Object	Type of Trigger. The inventor has came up with an idea by comparison of the object with some other product/service/process.	-
4	Object Relation	Defines the relation of the object that triggered the idea and the object that is the topic of the idea.	-
5	Competitive	If the object that triggered innovation was a competitive solution.	-
5	Complementary	If the object that triggered innovation was a complementary solution that works together with the object to fulfil some OTHER function/goal. (removing one of the objects makes it impossible to fulfil this function).	Idea: I use a scanner a lot so I would like it to be embedded in the laptop.
5	Supplementary	If the object that triggered innovation was a solution that works on top of the existing and delivers some new value but does redefine the end functionality.	Idea: Working with a mouse made me furious when I could not put the pad next to laptop because of the bad USB ports positioning.
5	Unrelated	The innovation was triggered by neither complementary or competitive solution.	-
4	Offering Placement	Determines if the other object that is the means of comparison is part of own offering or some other party.	-
5	Own	Object that triggered the innovative ideas come from own offering.	-
5	Other Party	Object that triggered the innovative ideas come from offering of some other party.	-
1	INNOVATION	Characteristics of the proposal and its impact	-
2	Dependence	Innovation is dependent in some way on some other idea.	-
3	Proceeds	After the described innovation is implemented it is going to be possible to unlock other idea.	ideaA: Keyboard for iPhone. ideaB: Backlit keyboard for iPhone.
3	Follows	The innovation realization is dependent on implementing some other idea first.	ideaA: Keyboard for iPhone. ideaB: Backlit keyboard for iPhone.
3	Encapsulates	Innovation that reproduces other idea(s) but also adds new value.	-
3	Duplicaes	Innovation that exactly reproduces already existing idea.	-
3	Excludes	Introducing this innovation causes the inability to implement some other innovation.	-
3	Is Part Of	Innovation that has been also described in another idea that also shows a bigger scope and discusses other items.	-
2	Target Audience	Defines if the innovation imposes a change in the audience or not (relative to current state of the object of innovation).	-
3	New Audience	Innovation relates to shifting the object to fit new market/customer.	-
3	Existing Audience	Updates of an existing object to fit the changing needs of current customers.	-
2	Orginality	Defines the size/scope of innovation in relation to existing ideas, state or offering.	-
3	New	Completely new idea/design not based on anything created before.	-
3	Incremental	Improvement for an existing object.	-
4	Additive	Improvement made by adding a new element to a previous proposal.	ideaA - new keyboard, ideaB - new backlit keyboard
4	Subtractive	Improvement made by simplifying other proposal and removing an element from the previous proposal.	ideaA - serve breakfast with bread, tea, cornflakes, ideaB - serve breakfast only with cornflakes.
4	Replacement	Improvement made just be replacing some element of the previous proposal.	ideaA - colorA, ideaB - colorB OR putting glossy screen to laptop offerring (incremental modification because there are already glossy screens just not for this particular line).
3	None	This is a special instance for idea mgt systems that indicates that idea hold no real innovation at all.	-
3	Relative To	Describes innovation characteristics abstraction level (e.g. if something is innovation with respect to local market or global market).	idea: Laptop keyboard dock for iPhone. Organization level: Breakthrough (product does not exist yet). Global Market: None (Motorola Atrix already has this)
4	Current State	Innovation described in relation to the current state of some entity or environment	-
5	Organisation	Innovation described with respect to organization processes/product/services	-
6	StructureUnit	Innovation describe with respect to some particular element of the administrative structure of the organization.	-
7	Group	Innovation described with respect to group level of the company.	-
7	Department	Innovation described with respect to department level of the company.	-
7	Branch	Innovation described with respect to branch level of the company.	-
6	Product Line	Innovation describe with respect to a product line.	E.g. Vostro Laptops or iPods.
6	Product Type	Innovation described with respect to a particular product type.	E.g. Laptops.
5	Market	Innovation described with respect to the entire market.	-
6	Local	Innovation described with respect to the local market.	-
6	Global	Innovation described with respect to the global market.	-
1	PROPOSAL	Describes the way a person has formalized his ideas (what parts are there, what are missing etc.) What is the completeness of the proposal.	-
2	Request	A person has supplied a request for a certain feature.	-
2	Solution	The person has supplemented the request with a technical or theoretical solution proposal.	-
2	IssueReport	Some idea are not innovative at all but nevertheless they are submitted to the idea management systems. This caregory indicates idea is not innovative at all just reports on a bug/issue/error/failure of an object.	-
2	Suggestion	Contrary to request does not state the necessity or a dire need but rather says what would be good in the opinion of a person for the company or organisation to do something.	-
1	OBJECT	Characteristics of the item that is the object of the innovation.	-
2	History Relationship	Relationship of the innovation with the previous iterations of the objects (or previous innovation proposals for this object). The difference with "Offering placement" is that it looks to compare the change with the past states of the object, not the current).	-
3	Evolutionary	Indicates that the innovation for the given product puts it in a state that it has never been before.	-
3	Regressive	Indicates that the innovation for the given product was already implemented at some point but has been removed.	-
2	Type	Type of object (is it product, service etc.).	-
3	Service	Innovation relates to a service. Opposing products, services are: intangible (cannot be physically possessed), inseparable (production cannot be separated from consumption), perishable (cannot store for future use), variable (the quality and consistency differs depending on the person that uses it).	-
3	Process	Innovation relates to a process (newelements into an organization’s operations such as input materials, task specifications, work and informationflow mechanisms, and equipment used to produce a product or render a service).	-
3	Product	Innovation relates to a product.	-
4	Product Line	An innovation is proposed for entire product line.	Inspiron line
4	Product Type	Innovation proposed for a specific product type.	Laptops
4	Specific Product	Innovation proposed for an individual product.	Dell M1330
2	Offering Placement	Object placement in the current offering / state.	-
3	New	The innovation proposes a new product.	New laptop.
3	Existing	The innovation proposes innovating an existing product.	New laptop screen.
4	Additive	The innovation proposes adding some new element to the object.	Add delete key on the laptop keyboard.
4	Subtractive	The innovation proposes removing some element from the object.	Remove dvd drive from a laptop.
4	Replacement	The innovation proposes replacing or modifying an existing element of the object.	Replace the current screen with a better quality one.
2	Structure	Defines the element in the object structure that the innovation refers to. This should be connected with a domain ontology that identifies specific elements of products etc.	-
3	Complete	Innovation related to the entire product.	Dell M1330
3	Element	Innovation relates to a particular element of an object.	Dell M1330 Keyboard
3	Characteristic	Innovation relates to particular feature of an object.	Dell M1130 weight
2	Relationship	Defines if an object has relationship with other items of offering (reason: adding an innovation into a certain object might impact its relationships with other products and increase/decrease the value of innovation).	-
3	Part Of	Object is part of some other object.	-
3	Complementary With	Object is complementary with some other object.	-

2.1. Example

A basic example of annotations created for a sample idea with Gi2MO Types taxonomy:

Example of annotations for idea with Gi2MO Types taxonomyy

The listing below shows the metadata of the same idea annotated with the use of Gi2MO Idea Ontology and Gi2MO Types taxonomy:

  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://ideas.gi2mo.org/idea/012345/rdf">
    <foaf:page ref:resource="http://ideas.gi2mo.org/idea/012345"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCreator rdf:resource="http://ideas.gi2mo.org/user/Pablo/rdf"/>
    <gi2mo:content>I would like to propose adding more physical buttons on the 9 inch tablet that is currently 
    available in your offer. When using the tablet I feel that the single 'home' button is not enough for many 
    activities that the tablet is advertised for making the experience bad.
    
    For example, for reading ebooks, it would be very useful to have "back" and "forward" buttons for scrolling pages 
    of the book. I own a e-paper reader and I think those buttons could be also used for different activities (for 
    example web browsing or games).
    </gi2mo:content>
    <dcterms:title>More buttons on the tablet.</gi2mo:title>
    <dcterms:created>2011-07-23</gi2mo:created>
    <gi2mo:hasStatus rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/ns#Implemented"/>
    <gi2mo:hasComment rdf:resource="http://ideas.gi2mo.org/comment/054321/rdf"/>
    <gi2mo:hasComment rdf:resource="http://ideas.gi2mo.org/comment/054322/rdf"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCategory ref:resource="http://ideas.gi2mo.org/category/General/rdf"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#FaultyExperience"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#ObjectInteraction"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#CompetitiveObject"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#OtherPartyOffering"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#ExistingAudience"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#AdditiveInnovation"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#ProductLine"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#Request"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#Evolutionary"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#SpecificProduct"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#AdditiveChange"/>
    <gi2mo:hasCharacteristics rdf:resource="http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#ElementChange"/>
  </rdf:Description>

4. Cross-reference for linking Gi2MO Types terms with web metadata

An alphabetical index of Gi2MO Types terms are given below. All the terms are hyperlinked to their detailed description for quick reference.

Classes: AdditiveChange, AdditiveInnovation, AssociatedObject, Branch, CharacteristicChange, CompetitiveObject, ComplementaryObject, ComplementaryWith, CompleteChange, ComposedOf, CreativityOrigin, CurrentState, Department, Dependence, Duplicates, ElementChange, Encapsulates, Event, Evolutionary, Excludes, ExistingAudience, ExistingObject, FaultyExperience, Follows, GlobalMarket, Group, HistoryRelationship, IdeaContest, Incremental, Innovation, InnovationProposal, IsPartOf, IssueReport, LackOfFeature, LocalMarket, Market, New, NewAudience, NewObject, NewObjectRelease, None, Object, ObjectComparison, ObjectInteraction, ObjectObservation, ObjectOfInnovation, ObjectPurchase, ObjectRelation, ObjectRelease, ObjectUpdateRelease, ObservationType, OfferingPlacement, Organization, OrganizationsProductLine, OrganizationsProductType, Originality, OtherEvent, OtherObject, OtherPartyOffering, OwnOffering, OwnOfferingPlacement, PartOf, PotentialCause, PotentialOportunity, Proceeds, Process, Product, ProductLine, ProductType, PromotionalEvent, ProposalType, Regressive, Relationships, RelativeTo, ReplacementOfElement, ReplacementOfInnovationElement, Request, Service, Solution, SpecificProduct, Structure, StructureUnit, SubtractiveChange, SubtractiveInnovation, Suggestion, SuplementaryObject, TargetAudience, Trigger, Type, UnrelatedObject,

Below see a comprehensive list of all Gi2MO Types terms and their descriptions.

Class: gi2mo_types:AdditiveChange

URI: http://purl.org/gi2mo/types/ns#AdditiveChange

AdditiveChange - The innovation proposes adding some new element to the object.

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Taxonomy (Printer Friendly Version)

Gi2MO Types Taxonomy Specification

V0.2 - July 2011

Abstract

Table of Contents

Appendixes

1 Introduction

1.1 Idea Management Systems

1.2 The Semantic Web

1.3 What is Gi2MO Types for?

2. Gi2MO Types taxonomy at a glance

3. Summary sheet of Gi2MO Types terms

2.1. Example

4. Cross-reference for linking Gi2MO Types terms with web metadata

Class: gi2mo_types:AdditiveChange

Class: gi2mo_types:AdditiveInnovation

Class: gi2mo_types:AssociatedObject

Class: gi2mo_types:Branch

Class: gi2mo_types:CharacteristicChange

Class: gi2mo_types:CompetitiveObject

Class: gi2mo_types:ComplementaryObject

Class: gi2mo_types:ComplementaryWith

Class: gi2mo_types:CompleteChange

Class: gi2mo_types:ComposedOf

Class: gi2mo_types:CreativityOrigin

Class: gi2mo_types:CurrentState

Class: gi2mo_types:Department

Class: gi2mo_types:Dependence

Class: gi2mo_types:Duplicates

Class: gi2mo_types:ElementChange

Class: gi2mo_types:Encapsulates

Class: gi2mo_types:Event

Class: gi2mo_types:Evolutionary

Class: gi2mo_types:Excludes

Class: gi2mo_types:ExistingAudience

Class: gi2mo_types:ExistingObject

Class: gi2mo_types:FaultyExperience

Class: gi2mo_types:Follows

Class: gi2mo_types:GlobalMarket

Class: gi2mo_types:Group

Class: gi2mo_types:HistoryRelationship

Class: gi2mo_types:IdeaContest

Class: gi2mo_types:Incremental

Class: gi2mo_types:Innovation

Class: gi2mo_types:InnovationProposal

Class: gi2mo_types:IsPartOf

Class: gi2mo_types:IssueReport

Class: gi2mo_types:LackOfFeature

Class: gi2mo_types:LocalMarket

Class: gi2mo_types:Market

Class: gi2mo_types:New

Class: gi2mo_types:NewAudience

Class: gi2mo_types:NewObject

Class: gi2mo_types:NewObjectRelease

Class: gi2mo_types:None

Class: gi2mo_types:Object

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectComparison

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectInteraction

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectObservation

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectOfInnovation

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectPurchase

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectRelation

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectRelease

Class: gi2mo_types:ObjectUpdateRelease

Class: gi2mo_types:ObservationType

Class: gi2mo_types:OfferingPlacement

Class: gi2mo_types:Organization

Class: gi2mo_types:OrganizationsProductLine

Class: gi2mo_types:OrganizationsProductType

Class: gi2mo_types:Originality

Class: gi2mo_types:OtherEvent

Class: gi2mo_types:OtherObject

Class: gi2mo_types:OtherPartyOffering

Class: gi2mo_types:OwnOffering

Class: gi2mo_types:OwnOfferingPlacement

Class: gi2mo_types:PartOf

Class: gi2mo_types:PotentialCause

Class: gi2mo_types:PotentialOportunity

Class: gi2mo_types:Proceeds